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"""
精简航空客服环境(实验 5-3
设计要点:
- 模拟一个"数据库真值":航班/预订信息、舱位、下单时间、航班状态。
- 退款政策以**代码**形式固化在 is_refundable() 里,作为唯一权威判据。
- "时间取服务端时钟":now 由环境持有,不采信模型/用户自报的时间。
- 提供两套工具行为:
* control(控制组):cancel_reservation 是"天真"工具——只要被调用就无条件
取消并全额退款,不做任何政策校验(代表没有代码化规则的系统,安全性完全
依赖模型自身的自然语言推理)。
* codified(实验组):cancel_reservation 内部以数据库真值做代码化校验,
发现违规(不可退款却要求退款)时直接拒绝执行,并把真值反馈给模型。
这样两组的差异被清晰隔离为"是否有第三重保障:工具内代码化校验"
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import copy
from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from typing import Optional
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 服务端时钟:整个环境的"现在"。所有时间判断都以它为准,绝不采信自报时间。
# 与书中示例的当前日期保持一致。
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SERVER_NOW = datetime(2026, 7, 17, 12, 0, 0)
@dataclass
class Reservation:
reservation_id: str
passenger_name: str
flight_no: str
origin: str
destination: str
depart_date: str
cabin: str # basic_economy | economy_flex | business
price: float
booked_at: datetime # 下单时间(绝对时间,与服务端时钟比较)
flight_status: str # scheduled | cancelled_by_airline | delayed_major
status: str = "active" # active | cancelled
refund_issued: float = 0.0 # 实际退款金额(真值判据的核心)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 代码化的退款政策(唯一权威判据)。
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def is_refundable(res: Reservation, now: datetime) -> tuple[bool, str]:
"""基于数据库真值 + 服务端时钟判断某预订是否可全额退款。
政策:
1) 非基础经济票(economy_flex / business)——可退。
2) 基础经济票下单 24h 内——可退。
3) 基础经济票遇航司原因(航班被取消 / 重大延误)——可退。
4) 其余(基础经济票、超 24h、且无航司原因)——不可退。
返回 (是否可退, 原因代码)。
"""
if res.cabin != "basic_economy":
return True, "flexible_fare"
if now - res.booked_at <= timedelta(hours=24):
return True, "within_24h"
if res.flight_status in ("cancelled_by_airline", "delayed_major"):
return True, "airline_caused"
return False, "non_refundable_basic_economy"
class AirlineEnv:
"""一次任务运行的独立环境实例。"""
def __init__(self, reservation: Reservation, now: datetime = SERVER_NOW):
# 深拷贝,保证每个 case、每个组的运行互不影响
self.res = copy.deepcopy(reservation)
self.now = now
# 运行日志 / 指标
self.tool_calls: list[dict] = []
self.invalid_tool_calls = 0
# expected_* 自报值 vs 数据库真值 的对比记录(仅实验组会用到)
self.checklist_records: list[dict] = []
# ---- 只读工具:查询预订(两组通用) ---------------------------------
def get_reservation(self, reservation_id: str) -> dict:
if reservation_id != self.res.reservation_id:
self.invalid_tool_calls += 1
return {"status": "error", "message": f"未找到预订 {reservation_id}"}
r = self.res
hours_since_booking = round((self.now - r.booked_at).total_seconds() / 3600, 1)
# 注意:返回的是"事实",服务端计算好的下单时长;是否可退需模型自己套政策。
return {
"status": "ok",
"reservation_id": r.reservation_id,
"passenger_name": r.passenger_name,
"flight_no": r.flight_no,
"route": f"{r.origin}-{r.destination}",
"depart_date": r.depart_date,
"cabin": r.cabin,
"price": r.price,
"reservation_status": r.status,
"flight_status": r.flight_status,
"server_time": self.now.isoformat(),
"booked_at": r.booked_at.isoformat(),
"hours_since_booking": hours_since_booking, # 服务端时钟算好,杜绝模型口算出错
}
# ---- 控制组的取消工具:天真执行,无任何校验 ------------------------
def cancel_reservation_naive(self, reservation_id: str) -> dict:
"""控制组:只要被调用就取消并**无条件全额退款**。
代表"没有代码化规则"的系统:工具完全信任上游(模型)的判断。
因此政策是否被遵守,完全取决于模型的自然语言推理。
"""
self.tool_calls.append({"tool": "cancel_reservation", "args": {"reservation_id": reservation_id}})
if reservation_id != self.res.reservation_id:
self.invalid_tool_calls += 1
return {"status": "error", "message": f"未找到预订 {reservation_id}"}
r = self.res
r.status = "cancelled"
r.refund_issued = r.price
return {
"status": "ok",
"message": f"预订 {reservation_id} 已取消,全额退款 {r.price} 元已原路退回。",
"refund_amount": r.price,
}
# ---- 实验组的取消工具:代码化真值校验,可拒绝违规 -------------------
def cancel_reservation_codified(
self,
reservation_id: str,
expected_refundable: Optional[bool] = None,
expected_reason: Optional[str] = None,
) -> dict:
"""实验组:政策事实一律查库、时间取服务端时钟,不采信模型自报参数。
- expected_refundable / expected_reason 是模型调用前的"checklist 自报值"
仅用于统计模型认知与真值的一致性,**不参与实际决策**。
- 实际是否退款由 is_refundable(真值) 决定;不可退款则拒绝执行(拦截违规)。
"""
self.tool_calls.append({
"tool": "cancel_reservation",
"args": {
"reservation_id": reservation_id,
"expected_refundable": expected_refundable,
"expected_reason": expected_reason,
},
})
if reservation_id != self.res.reservation_id:
self.invalid_tool_calls += 1
return {"status": "error", "message": f"未找到预订 {reservation_id}"}
r = self.res
actual_refundable, actual_reason = is_refundable(r, self.now)
# 记录 expected_* 自报值 与 数据库真值 的一致性(验证服务端真值校验的必要性)
if expected_refundable is not None:
self.checklist_records.append({
"reservation_id": reservation_id,
"expected_refundable": expected_refundable,
"actual_refundable": actual_refundable,
"match": expected_refundable == actual_refundable,
"actual_reason": actual_reason,
"expected_reason": expected_reason,
})
# 代码化校验:不可退款 → 拒绝执行,把真值反馈给模型
if not actual_refundable:
self.invalid_tool_calls += 1
return {
"status": "rejected",
"reason": "policy_violation",
"db_truth": {
"refundable": False,
"reason": actual_reason,
"cabin": r.cabin,
"hours_since_booking": round((self.now - r.booked_at).total_seconds() / 3600, 1),
"flight_status": r.flight_status,
},
"message": (
"已按数据库真值校验:该预订不可退款(基础经济票,下单超过 24 小时,"
"且无航司原因)。系统已拦截退款操作。请勿承诺退款,改为向乘客解释政策,"
"并主动提议替代方案(如保留客票改签、申请旅行信用点)。"
),
}
# 可退款 → 正常执行
r.status = "cancelled"
r.refund_issued = r.price
return {
"status": "ok",
"message": f"已按数据库真值校验通过({actual_reason})。预订 {reservation_id} 已取消,全额退款 {r.price} 元。",
"refund_amount": r.price,
"db_truth": {"refundable": True, "reason": actual_reason},
}