# Asynchronous Agent with Parallel Execution and Interruption / 带并行执行和打断能力的异步 Agent > Companion code for *AI Agents in Depth*, Chapter 6 — **Experiment 6-2 ★★★**. Event-driven async Agent framework (Flux): parallel tools, interrupt/cancel, state checkpoints. > 配套《深入理解 AI Agent》第 4 章 **实验 6-2 ★★★**。事件驱动异步 Agent 框架(Flux):并行工具、打断取消、状态检查点。 ← [Chapter 4 index / 返回第 4 章目录](../README.md) --- ## English This directory is the runnable code for Experiment 6-2. It implements the core of the event-driven asynchronous Agent framework (Flux) described in [`agent_framework_design.md`](./agent_framework_design.md). Building on the simple event queue of 4-5, this experiment goes deeper into async Agents and focuses on four things: **async tool execution, event queues and batching, interruption, and cancel/status query for parallel tools**. The Agent must manage concurrent tasks, handle interrupt and recovery, and decide from real-time state. Two usage paths: - **Offline demos (recommended first; zero deps, no API key)**: three measurable capabilities—**parallel vs serial wall-clock, interrupt/cancel then recover, checkpoint persist and restore**. No network, no LLM, no need for `openai`; `python demo.py` runs as-is. - **LLM scenarios (four book verification scenes)**: decisions by a real LLM (default OpenAI `gpt-5.6-luna`, function calling); API key required. Both paths share the same async runtime. Long-running work uses **real, allowlisted Python subprocesses**. No shell is opened: progress is parsed from child stdout, completion includes observed hashes/return codes, and cancellation terminates the child PID. ## Code map - **Run first:** python demo.py (offline, no API key). - **Start here:** runtime.py::AgentRuntime - **Core behavior:** runtime.py::_dispatcher routes urgency; _handle_interrupt cancels at a safe point; run_llm_turn advances the trajectory. - **State / protocol:** Event, inbox, pending batch and checkpoint files. - **Verifier:** offline demo assertions and run_real_experiment.py evidence gates. - **Experiment variable:** serial vs parallel tools, interrupt timing and checkpoint restore. - **Skip on first pass:** provider clients and the frontend/demo formatting. ### Architecture Corresponds to section 5 of the design doc—all single-threaded `asyncio`: ``` ┌──────────────┐ user msg / interrupt ──▶ │ inbox │ all inbound raw events async task completion ──▶ │ (asyncio.Q) │ └──────┬───────┘ │ ┌──────────▼───────────┐ classify_urgency() │ _dispatcher │──▶ interrupt / immediate / deferred └──────────┬───────────┘ ┌────────────────┼───────────────────┐ INTERRUPT │ IMMEDIATE│ DEFERRED│ cancel current turn+async direct to work pending buffer; tools; leave trace batch when async.result arrives ┌──────────▼───────────┐ │ work │ event batches to process └──────────┬───────────┘ ┌──────────▼───────────┐ │ _worker │ per batch: append trajectory -> run_llm_turn() │ turn_task cancelable│ (on interrupt, cancel this child task) └──────────────────────┘ TaskManager: bounded real subprocesses (start / query / cancel / cancel_all) natural completion -> inject as new event (async.result) into inbox ``` Code files: | File | Role | |------|------| | `events.py` | `Event` model (checkpoint `to_dict`/`from_dict`), event types, **urgency** `classify_urgency()` | | `tasks.py` | Allowlisted subprocess `TaskManager` (stdout progress, OS cancel/query by id, executable receipts, `snapshot`/`restore`) | | `analysis_worker.py` | Real executable that hashes and analyzes `book/chapter4.md` while emitting progress | | `run_real_experiment.py` | Durable, model-independent acceptance campaign for all four manuscript scenarios | | `runtime.py` | `AgentRuntime`: event loop, two processing modes, LLM function calling, tool exec, `save_checkpoint`/`load_checkpoint` | | `async_demos.py` | Three **offline demos** (no API key): parallel wall-clock, interrupt/recover, state checkpoint | | `demo.py` | Unified CLI (argparse subcommands): offline demos + four LLM scenarios | #### Two event-processing mechanisms (design doc 5.1) - **Cancellation-based**: urgent events (user “cancel/stop”) immediately cancel the in-flight LLM turn and all background async tools; write interrupt event + cancel receipts into the trajectory. - **Queued**: non-urgent events (supplementary instructions) go to a `pending` buffer without interrupting work; when an async tool finishes and emits `async.result`, pending events are batch-appended to the trajectory, then one LLM turn runs. Urgency rules (simple and explainable): 1. Interrupt keywords (cancel/stop/停止…) → `INTERRUPT` (cancellation-based) 2. A question (question mark or interrogative, e.g. “what time is it?”) → `IMMEDIATE` (reply now, **do not** cancel background tasks) 3. Other supplementary instructions (e.g. “reply in Japanese”) → `DEFERRED` (queue, batch) #### Async tools `run_terminal_command` is **async**: it returns a `task_id` placeholder immediately, then starts an allowlisted child process with `asyncio.create_subprocess_exec` and `shell=False`. Progress comes from the process's stdout. On completion, file metrics, input/stdout hashes, PID, return code, and duration are injected as a **new event** (`async.result`). `cancel_task` sends termination to that PID. Also: `query_task` by id and `get_current_time` for immediate questions. **Timeline acceleration**: one logical progress tick maps to `0.4` wall-clock seconds by default (`FLUX_TICK_REAL` tunable). The real executables retain the **3% / 2% / 1% per tick** rates and **50%** threshold. ### How to run CLI entry is `demo.py` with argparse subcommands; `python demo.py --help` for full usage. For canonical, machine-readable evidence across all four scenarios: ```bash python run_real_experiment.py --tick-real 0.15 pytest -q test_tasks_env.py test_real_tasks.py ``` The campaign takes about 20 seconds and writes per-scenario receipts, Japanese HTML, the integrated report, acceptance gates, and a hash manifest under `validation/experiment_6_2/`. #### Offline demos (no API key, out of the box) ```bash cd chapter4/async-agent python demo.py # default: run all three offline demos in order python demo.py offline # same: explicit sequential offline demos python demo.py parallel # capability 1: parallel vs serial wall-clock (prints speedup) python demo.py interrupt # capability 2: interrupt/cancel mid-task, then recover python demo.py state # capability 3: checkpoint persist + cross-session restore + verify ``` These demos do not network, call LLMs, or require `openai`—pure `asyncio` measures parallel speedup, frozen state after interrupt, and checkpoint save/restore. #### Tests (offline) The automated regression tests live in `tests/` and do not require an API key. ```bash # From the repository root, include the dev extra for pytest: uv sync --locked --python 3.12 --extra ch4 --extra dev # pip testing fallback: # python -m pip install -e ".[ch4,dev]" cd chapter4/async-agent python -m pytest tests ``` #### LLM verification scenarios (four book scenes; API key required) ```bash # From the repository root: use the shared Chapter 4 environment uv sync --locked --python 3.12 --extra ch4 # Activate it before changing directories: # macOS/Linux: source .venv/bin/activate # Windows PowerShell: .venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1 # Windows cmd: .venv\Scripts\activate.bat # pip fallback when uv is not installed: # python -m pip install -e ".[ch4]" cd chapter4/async-agent # Single-project compatibility path, still supported during migration: # python -m pip install -r requirements.txt cp env.example .env # set OPENAI_API_KEY python demo.py scenarios # all four scenarios python demo.py scenarios --scenario 1 # scenario 1 only (async exec + immediate question) python demo.py scenarios --scenario 3 # scenario 3 only (interrupt) ``` Default OpenAI `gpt-5.6-luna`. Other OpenAI-compatible providers: ```bash # Moonshot (default model: reasoning model kimi-k3) LLM_PROVIDER=moonshot python demo.py scenarios --scenario 1 # Volcengine ARK (LLM_MODEL = inference endpoint id) LLM_PROVIDER=ark LLM_MODEL=ep-xxxx python demo.py scenarios --scenario 1 # Alibaba Cloud Model Studio / Bailian (Qwen) LLM_PROVIDER=dashscope DASHSCOPE_API_KEY=your-key LLM_MODEL=qwen3.7-plus python demo.py scenarios --scenario 1 ``` > **Universal OpenRouter fallback**: if `OPENAI_API_KEY` is unset (and not moonshot/ark), with `OPENROUTER_API_KEY` set, `demo.py` routes via OpenRouter and maps model ids to `provider/model` (`gpt-*` → `openai/…`, `claude-*` → `anthropic/claude-opus-4.8`, ids with `/` pass through). Or set `LLM_PROVIDER=openrouter` explicitly. Example: > `OPENROUTER_API_KEY=your-openrouter-api-key LLM_MODEL=openai/gpt-5.6-luna python demo.py scenarios --scenario 1` > Moonshot defaults to **reasoning model `kimi-k3`** (older `kimi-k2-*-preview` / `moonshot-v1-*` are outdated/retired). Reasoning models need `temperature=1` and `max_tokens>=2048`; `demo.py` applies these automatically by model. > Legacy: `python demo.py --scenario N` is equivalent to `scenarios --scenario N`. Log sources are color-coded: `USER`, `AGENT`, `TOOL`, `TASK`, `TRAJ`, `STATE`, `SYSTEM`. ### Three offline capabilities (real measured output) The following are excerpts from **real runs** (no API key). #### Capability 1: parallel vs serial tools (`python demo.py parallel`) Four independent read-only perception-style tools (read file / search / DB / vector retrieval): serial `await` vs parallel `asyncio.gather`: ``` ── 结果对比 ───────────────────────────────────────────── 串行总耗时(Σ 各工具) 4.51s 并行总耗时(gather) 1.50s 并行理论下界(最慢单个) 1.50s 加速比 = 串行 / 并行 3.00x ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ``` Wall-clock drops from sum-of-tools to max-single—quantifying “read-only perception tools naturally parallelize.” #### Capability 2: interrupt / cancel / recover (`python demo.py interrupt`) Three parallel background tasks; user asks a question first (does not block tasks), then sends “cancel”: ``` [ 1.00s] USER | (即时提问)现在几点了? [ 1.00s] AGENT | 现在 00:14:26。三个后台任务仍在并行推进,未被这次提问阻塞。 [ 2.00s] USER | (打断)取消 [ 2.00s] TASK | T1 已被取消 🛑(进度停在 39%) [ 2.00s] TASK | T2 已被取消 🛑(进度停在 26%) [ 2.00s] TASK | T3 已被取消 🛑(进度停在 13%) ── 打断后各任务状态(进度冻结在中途)─────────────────── task_id 命令 状态 进度 T1 python analyze_fast.py cancelled 39% T2 python analyze_mid.py cancelled 26% T3 python analyze_slow.py cancelled 13% ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── [ 2.05s] SYSTEM | 打断处理完毕,系统恢复空闲,可继续接受新任务…… [ 5.52s] TASK | T4 完成 ✅ [ 5.52s] AGENT | 已从打断中恢复,新任务 T4 正常完成:…… ``` Interrupt freezes cancelled tasks’ progress; the runtime itself stays healthy and can finish new work immediately. #### Capability 3: state checkpoint persist and restore (`python demo.py state`) Session A produces a trajectory + two running background tasks, saved to `checkpoints/agent_state.json`; session B restores with a fresh runtime and verifies: ``` ── 恢复校验 ───────────────────────────────────────────── 轨迹事件数 保存前 3 -> 恢复后 3 [一致 ✓] 可重建 LLM 上下文消息 4 条(system + 轨迹回放) task_id 命令 保存前进度 恢复后状态 进度 T1 python analyze_fast.py 21% suspended 21% T2 python analyze_slow.py 7% suspended 7% ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ``` Trajectory and task progress fully persist across sessions; running tasks restore as `suspended` with last known progress for upper layers to “re-run” or “continue from progress.” ### Four LLM verification scenarios #### Scenario 1: async tool execution Agent runs a long terminal command; user inserts “what time is it?”. Because the long command is async and non-blocking, the Agent answers immediately with `get_current_time`, then presents analysis when the background task finishes. #### Scenario 2: event queue and batching During a long task, user sends “reply in Japanese” then “format as a webpage.” These non-urgent instructions queue; on task completion the framework **batch-appends** them; the Agent outputs Japanese HTML. #### Scenario 3: interruption During a long task, user says “cancel.” The framework cancels the current turn and background async tools, recording `user.interrupt` and a `system.note` with cancelled task ids. #### Scenario 4: parallel cancel and status query User: “run these three scripts at once; when the first finishes, query the others’ progress; cancel any under 50%.” Speeds 3% / 2% / 1% per second. Agent starts three async tasks; after the fastest finishes, queries the others (~66% and ~33%), cancels the under-50% one, and reports when the rest complete. ### Real LLM scenario output (key fragments) > Real calls to `gpt-5.6-luna` (OpenAI-compatible); timestamps are real seconds; need API key to reproduce. **Scenario 1 (async + immediate question)** ``` [ 3.97s] AGENT | 任务已在后台启动(task_id:T1)。完成后我会根据日志分析结果给出结论。 [ 4.96s] TASK | T1 `python analyze_logs.py` 进度 22% ← 任务仍在后台跑 [ 5.19s] TOOL | get_current_time -> 2026-07-18 13:43:30 ← 即时提问先回应 [ 6.91s] AGENT | 现在是 2026 年 7 月 18 日 13:43:30。 [12.19s] TRAJ | + async.result 异步完成 T1 ← 真实结果作为新事件注入 [16.67s] AGENT | 日志分析已完成,结论如下:共扫描 12,840 条记录… ← 再呈现分析 ``` **Scenario 2 (batching)** ``` [ 1.50s] SYSTEM | 事件进入排队缓冲(当前积压 1 条) [ 1.90s] SYSTEM | 事件进入排队缓冲(当前积压 2 条) [12.05s] TASK | T1 完成 ✅ [12.05s] SYSTEM | 异步结果到达,批量处理 2 条积压的非紧急事件 [12.06s] TRAJ | + async.result 异步完成 T1 [12.06s] TRAJ | + user.input 记得最后用日语回复 [12.06s] TRAJ | + user.input 把结果整理成一个网页(HTML) ... [22.38s] AGENT | …

分析結論

… (批量指令一次性满足:日语 + HTML) ``` **Scenario 3 (interrupt)** ``` [ 2.40s] TASK | 启动异步任务 T1: `python analyze_logs.py` (速度 4%/模拟秒) [ 4.00s] USER | (interrupt) 取消 [ 4.00s] TASK | T1 已被取消 🛑(进度停在 14%) [ 4.00s] TRAJ | + user.interrupt 用户打断:取消 [ 4.00s] TRAJ | + system.note 打断回执,取消任务 ['T1'] [ 5.04s] AGENT | 已停止后台任务 T1。 ``` **Scenario 4 (parallel + status + 50% cancel + report)** ``` [ 2.82s] TASK | 启动异步任务 T1: `python analyze_fast.py` (速度 3%/模拟秒) [ 2.82s] TASK | 启动异步任务 T2: `python analyze_mid.py` (速度 2%/模拟秒) [ 2.82s] TASK | 启动异步任务 T3: `python analyze_slow.py` (速度 1%/模拟秒) [16.47s] TASK | T1 完成 ✅ ← 最快脚本先完成 [19.84s] TOOL | query_task(T2) -> running 84% ← 查询其余两个进度 [19.84s] TOOL | query_task(T3) -> running 42% [21.93s] TOOL | cancel_task(T3) -> 已取消 (进度 47%) ← 未过 50%,取消 [22.89s] TASK | T2 完成 ✅ [26.50s] AGENT | ## 分析汇总报告 … analyze_slow.py:已取消(未超 50%)… ``` ### Notes - **Offline demos (`parallel`/`interrupt`/`state`) need no API key and no `openai` package.** - **Only `scenarios` needs network and a valid API key** (`OPENAI_API_KEY`, or `MOONSHOT_API_KEY` / `ARK_API_KEY`). - LLM wording varies per run; the four scenarios’ **behavioral logic** is stable. Retry on occasional high latency. - Timeline is accelerated; larger `FLUX_TICK_REAL` is closer to book “tens of seconds”; too small may break scenario 4’s under-50% cancel window. - Terminal jobs are real allowlisted Python child processes. Arbitrary commands and shell syntax are rejected before task allocation. --- ## 中文 本目录是《深入理解 AI Agent》实验 6-2 的配套可运行代码,实现了设计文档 [`agent_framework_design.md`](./agent_framework_design.md) 中描述的事件驱动异步 Agent 框架(Flux)的核心部分。 在 4-5 的简单事件队列之上,本实验进入异步 Agent 的深水区,聚焦四件事: **异步工具执行、事件队列与批量处理、打断机制、并行工具的取消与状态查询**。 Agent 需要同时管理多个并发任务,处理打断与恢复,并根据实时状态动态决策。 本目录提供两条使用路径: - **离线演示(推荐先跑,零依赖、无需 API key)**:把三项核心异步能力单独拎出来、 用可测量的方式演示——**并行 vs 串行的墙钟时间对比、打断/取消后恢复、状态检查点持久化与恢复**。 这条路径不联网、不调用 LLM,甚至不需要安装 `openai`,`python demo.py` 即可直接运行。 - **LLM 场景(还原书中四个验证场景)**:Agent 的决策由真实 LLM(默认 OpenAI `gpt-5.6-luna`, function calling)完成,需要配置 API key。 两条路径共用同一套异步运行时;长任务都用**模拟的异步"终端命令"**(带进度输出)实现,绝不真跑危险命令。 ### 一、架构 对应设计文档第 5 节的事件处理循环,全部基于 `asyncio` 单线程实现: ``` ┌──────────────┐ 用户消息 / 打断 ──▶ │ inbox │ 所有进来的原始事件 异步任务完成通知 ──▶ │ (asyncio.Q) │ └──────┬───────┘ │ ┌──────────▼───────────┐ 判定紧急度 classify_urgency() │ _dispatcher │──▶ 打断 / 立即处理 / 排队 └──────────┬───────────┘ ┌────────────────┼───────────────────┐ INTERRUPT │ IMMEDIATE│ DEFERRED│ 取消当前turn+异步工具 直接入 work 进 pending 缓冲, 并留痕 异步结果到达时批量追加 ┌──────────▼───────────┐ │ work │ 待处理的事件批次 └──────────┬───────────┘ ┌──────────▼───────────┐ │ _worker │ 逐批:追加到轨迹 -> run_llm_turn() │ turn_task 可被取消 │ (打断时 cancel 掉这个子任务) └──────────────────────┘ TaskManager:管理受限的真实子进程(start / query / cancel / cancel_all) 任务自然完成 -> 以"新事件"(async.result) 注入 inbox ``` 代码文件: | 文件 | 作用 | |------|------| | `events.py` | 事件模型 `Event`(含检查点序列化 `to_dict`/`from_dict`)、事件类型、**紧急度判定** `classify_urgency()` | | `tasks.py` | 真实受限子进程 `TaskManager`(stdout 进度、PID 取消/查询、可执行回执、`snapshot`/`restore`) | | `analysis_worker.py` | 真实分析进程:读取并哈希 `book/chapter4.md`,从 stdout 输出进度 | | `run_real_experiment.py` | 覆盖书中四场景的持久化验收运行器 | | `runtime.py` | `AgentRuntime`:事件循环、两种处理机制、LLM function calling、工具执行、检查点 `save_checkpoint`/`load_checkpoint` | | `async_demos.py` | 三个**离线演示**(无需 API key):并行墙钟对比、打断/恢复、状态检查点 | | `demo.py` | 统一命令行入口(argparse 子命令):离线演示 + 四个 LLM 验证场景 | #### 两种事件处理机制(设计文档 5.1) - **取消式处理(Cancellation-Based)**:紧急事件(用户"取消/停止")到达时, 立即取消正在进行的 LLM turn,并取消所有后台异步工具,把打断事件与取消回执写入轨迹。 - **排队处理(Queued)**:非紧急事件(补充性指令)先进入 `pending` 缓冲,不打断正在进行的工作; 当某个异步工具完成、产生 `async.result` 事件时,一次性把 `pending` 里的事件批量追加到轨迹,再触发一次 LLM。 紧急度判定规则(简单可解释): 1. 含打断关键词(取消/停止/stop…)→ `INTERRUPT`(取消式处理) 2. 是一个提问(带问号或疑问词,如"现在几点了?")→ `IMMEDIATE`(立即回应,但**不**打断后台任务) 3. 其它补充性指令(如"用日语回复")→ `DEFERRED`(排队,批量处理) #### 异步工具 `run_terminal_command` 是**异步**工具:调用后立刻返回 `task_id` 占位符(不阻塞), 随后用 `asyncio.create_subprocess_exec`(`shell=False`)启动白名单子进程;进度来自真实 stdout。 完成后把 PID、返回码、输入/输出哈希和文件分析指标作为**新事件**(`async.result`)注入对话; 取消操作会终止对应 PID。 另有 `query_task` / `cancel_task` 按 ID 查询进度与取消,`get_current_time` 用于即时提问。 **时间轴加速**:为便于复现,一个逻辑进度 tick 默认映射为 `0.4` 真实秒(`FLUX_TICK_REAL` 可调)。 真实子进程保留 **3% / 2% / 1% 每 tick** 与 **是否过 50%** 的判定逻辑。 ### 二、运行 命令行入口是 `demo.py`,用 `argparse` 子命令组织,`python demo.py --help` 查看全部用法。 #### 离线演示(无需 API key,开箱即用) ```bash cd chapter4/async-agent python demo.py # 默认:依次运行下面三个离线演示 python demo.py offline # 同上:显式地依次运行三个离线演示 python demo.py parallel # 能力一:并行 vs 串行工具调用的墙钟时间对比(打印加速比) python demo.py interrupt # 能力二:长任务运行中被打断/取消,随后系统恢复 python demo.py state # 能力三:状态检查点持久化 + 跨会话恢复并校验 ``` 这三个演示不联网、不调用 LLM,连 `openai` 都无需安装——用纯 `asyncio` 直接测量并行加速、 打断后的状态冻结、以及检查点的落盘与还原。 #### 测试(离线) 自动化回归测试位于 `tests/`,不需要 API Key。 ```bash # 在仓库根目录安装 pytest 所需的 dev extra: uv sync --locked --python 3.12 --extra ch4 --extra dev # pip 测试兜底路径: # python -m pip install -e ".[ch4,dev]" cd chapter4/async-agent python -m pytest tests ``` #### LLM 验证场景(还原书中四个场景,需要 API key) ```bash # 在仓库根目录使用统一的第 4 章环境 uv sync --locked --python 3.12 --extra ch4 # 切换目录前先激活环境: # macOS/Linux: source .venv/bin/activate # Windows PowerShell:.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1 # Windows cmd:.venv\Scripts\activate.bat # 未安装 uv 时可用 pip 兜底: # python -m pip install -e ".[ch4]" cd chapter4/async-agent # 迁移期间仍支持单项目兼容路径: # python -m pip install -r requirements.txt cp env.example .env # 填入 OPENAI_API_KEY python demo.py scenarios # 依次运行全部四个场景 python demo.py scenarios --scenario 1 # 只跑场景 1(异步执行 + 即时提问) python demo.py scenarios --scenario 3 # 只跑场景 3(打断机制) ``` 默认用 OpenAI `gpt-5.6-luna`。也可切换服务商(OpenAI 兼容接口): ```bash # Moonshot(默认模型为当前的推理模型 kimi-k3) LLM_PROVIDER=moonshot python demo.py scenarios --scenario 1 # 火山方舟 ARK(LLM_MODEL 填推理接入点 ID) LLM_PROVIDER=ark LLM_MODEL=ep-xxxx python demo.py scenarios --scenario 1 ``` > **OpenRouter 通用兜底**:未配置 `OPENAI_API_KEY`(且未用 moonshot/ark provider)时, > 只要设置了 `OPENROUTER_API_KEY`,`demo.py` 会自动改走 OpenRouter,并把模型名映射为 > `provider/model` 形式(`gpt-*` → `openai/…`、`claude-*` → `anthropic/claude-opus-4.8`、 > 含 `/` 的原样透传)。也可显式 `LLM_PROVIDER=openrouter`。例如: > `OPENROUTER_API_KEY=your-openrouter-api-key LLM_MODEL=openai/gpt-5.6-luna python demo.py scenarios --scenario 1` > Moonshot 默认走**推理模型 `kimi-k3`**(旧的 `kimi-k2-*-preview` 与 `moonshot-v1-*` 已过时/停用)。 > 推理模型要求 `temperature=1` 且 `max_tokens>=2048`,`demo.py` 会按模型自动套用这套采样参数,无需手动配置。 > 兼容旧用法:`python demo.py --scenario N` 会自动等价为 `scenarios --scenario N`。 日志中不同来源用颜色区分:`USER`(用户)、`AGENT`(Agent 回复)、`TOOL`(工具调用)、 `TASK`(后台异步任务)、`TRAJ`(轨迹留痕)、`STATE`(状态检查点)、`SYSTEM`(框架事件)。 ### 三、离线演示的三项能力(真实测量输出) 以下三段均为**真实运行**输出节选(无需 API key),演示异步到底带来了什么。 #### 能力一:并行 vs 串行工具调用(`python demo.py parallel`) 四个相互独立的只读感知工具(读文件 / 搜索 / 查库 / 向量检索),串行逐个 `await` 与并行 `asyncio.gather` 的墙钟时间对比: ``` ── 结果对比 ───────────────────────────────────────────── 串行总耗时(Σ 各工具) 4.51s 并行总耗时(gather) 1.50s 并行理论下界(最慢单个) 1.50s 加速比 = 串行 / 并行 3.00x ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ``` 墙钟时间由「各工具求和」降到「取最大单个」——这正是书中「只读感知工具天然适合并行」的量化落点。 #### 能力二:打断 / 取消 / 恢复(`python demo.py interrupt`) 三个并行后台任务运行中,用户先即时提问(不阻塞任务),随后发出「取消」打断: ``` [ 1.00s] USER | (即时提问)现在几点了? [ 1.00s] AGENT | 现在 00:14:26。三个后台任务仍在并行推进,未被这次提问阻塞。 [ 2.00s] USER | (打断)取消 [ 2.00s] TASK | T1 已被取消 🛑(进度停在 39%) [ 2.00s] TASK | T2 已被取消 🛑(进度停在 26%) [ 2.00s] TASK | T3 已被取消 🛑(进度停在 13%) ── 打断后各任务状态(进度冻结在中途)─────────────────── task_id 命令 状态 进度 T1 python analyze_fast.py cancelled 39% T2 python analyze_mid.py cancelled 26% T3 python analyze_slow.py cancelled 13% ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── [ 2.05s] SYSTEM | 打断处理完毕,系统恢复空闲,可继续接受新任务…… [ 5.52s] TASK | T4 完成 ✅ [ 5.52s] AGENT | 已从打断中恢复,新任务 T4 正常完成:…… ``` 打断只冻结被取消任务的进度,运行时本身无损,随后能立即接受并跑完新任务。 #### 能力三:状态检查点持久化与恢复(`python demo.py state`) 会话 A 产生一段轨迹 + 两个运行中的后台任务,落盘为 `checkpoints/agent_state.json`; 会话 B 用全新运行时从磁盘恢复并校验: ``` ── 恢复校验 ───────────────────────────────────────────── 轨迹事件数 保存前 3 -> 恢复后 3 [一致 ✓] 可重建 LLM 上下文消息 4 条(system + 轨迹回放) task_id 命令 保存前进度 恢复后状态 进度 T1 python analyze_fast.py 21% suspended 21% T2 python analyze_slow.py 7% suspended 7% ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ``` 轨迹与任务进度完整落盘并跨会话还原;运行中的任务恢复后标记为 `suspended`,保留最后已知进度, 供上层决定「重跑」还是「按进度续跑」——这就是异步任务的状态管理。 ### 四、四个 LLM 验证场景 #### 场景 1:异步工具执行 Agent 执行一个长终端命令,期间用户插入提问"现在几点了?"。 因为长命令是异步的、不阻塞,Agent 立即用 `get_current_time` 回应时间, 等后台任务完成后再把分析结论呈现出来。 #### 场景 2:事件队列与批量处理 Agent 执行长任务期间,用户连续发"记得用日语回复""整理成网页"。 这两条是非紧急指令,先进入排队缓冲;任务完成时,框架把它们**一次性批量追加**到轨迹, Agent 再综合所有指令,输出日语的 HTML 结果。 #### 场景 3:打断机制 Agent 执行长任务,用户发"取消"。框架立即取消当前执行流并取消后台异步工具, 在轨迹中记录打断事件(`user.interrupt`)和取消回执(`system.note`,含被取消的 task_id)。 #### 场景 4:并行工具的取消与状态查询 用户要求"同时运行这三个脚本,哪个先完成就查其余进度,未过 50% 就取消"。 三个脚本速度分别为 3% / 2% / 1% 每秒。Agent 同时启动三个异步任务; 最快的先完成后,Agent 查询另外两个(约 66% 与 33%),取消未过 50% 的那个, 其余完成后整合出报告。 ### 五、LLM 场景真实运行输出(关键片段) > 以下均为真实调用 `gpt-5.6-luna`(OpenAI 兼容接口)的输出节选(时间戳为真实秒,需配置 API key 复现)。 **场景 1(异步执行 + 即时提问)** ``` [ 3.97s] AGENT | 任务已在后台启动(task_id:T1)。完成后我会根据日志分析结果给出结论。 [ 4.96s] TASK | T1 `python analyze_logs.py` 进度 22% ← 任务仍在后台跑 [ 5.19s] TOOL | get_current_time -> 2026-07-18 13:43:30 ← 即时提问先回应 [ 6.91s] AGENT | 现在是 2026 年 7 月 18 日 13:43:30。 [12.19s] TRAJ | + async.result 异步完成 T1 ← 真实结果作为新事件注入 [16.67s] AGENT | 日志分析已完成,结论如下:共扫描 12,840 条记录… ← 再呈现分析 ``` **场景 2(批量处理)** ``` [ 1.50s] SYSTEM | 事件进入排队缓冲(当前积压 1 条) [ 1.90s] SYSTEM | 事件进入排队缓冲(当前积压 2 条) [12.05s] TASK | T1 完成 ✅ [12.05s] SYSTEM | 异步结果到达,批量处理 2 条积压的非紧急事件 [12.06s] TRAJ | + async.result 异步完成 T1 [12.06s] TRAJ | + user.input 记得最后用日语回复 [12.06s] TRAJ | + user.input 把结果整理成一个网页(HTML) ... [22.38s] AGENT | …

分析結論

… (批量指令一次性满足:日语 + HTML) ``` **场景 3(打断)** ``` [ 2.40s] TASK | 启动异步任务 T1: `python analyze_logs.py` (速度 4%/模拟秒) [ 4.00s] USER | (interrupt) 取消 [ 4.00s] TASK | T1 已被取消 🛑(进度停在 14%) [ 4.00s] TRAJ | + user.interrupt 用户打断:取消 [ 4.00s] TRAJ | + system.note 打断回执,取消任务 ['T1'] [ 5.04s] AGENT | 已停止后台任务 T1。 ``` **场景 4(并行 + 状态查询 + 按 50% 阈值取消 + 整合报告)** ``` [ 2.82s] TASK | 启动异步任务 T1: `python analyze_fast.py` (速度 3%/模拟秒) [ 2.82s] TASK | 启动异步任务 T2: `python analyze_mid.py` (速度 2%/模拟秒) [ 2.82s] TASK | 启动异步任务 T3: `python analyze_slow.py` (速度 1%/模拟秒) [16.47s] TASK | T1 完成 ✅ ← 最快脚本先完成 [19.84s] TOOL | query_task(T2) -> running 84% ← 查询其余两个进度 [19.84s] TOOL | query_task(T3) -> running 42% [21.93s] TOOL | cancel_task(T3) -> 已取消 (进度 47%) ← 未过 50%,取消 [22.89s] TASK | T2 完成 ✅ [26.50s] AGENT | ## 分析汇总报告 … analyze_slow.py:已取消(未超 50%)… ``` ### 六、注意事项 - **离线演示(`parallel`/`interrupt`/`state`)无需任何 API key、也无需安装 `openai`**,开箱即跑。 - **只有 `scenarios` 子命令需要联网并配置有效的 API key**(`OPENAI_API_KEY`,或切换到 `MOONSHOT_API_KEY` / `ARK_API_KEY`)。 - LLM 决策由真实模型产生,输出措辞每次可能略有不同;四个场景的**行为逻辑**是稳定可复现的。 若遇到 OpenAI 偶发的高延迟,重跑即可。 - 时间轴已加速;把 `FLUX_TICK_REAL` 调大可让演示更接近书中"几十秒"的真实节奏, 调小则更快(过小可能让场景 4 的"未过 50% 就取消"来不及判定)。 - 终端任务是真实但受限的 Python 子进程;任意命令与 shell 语法会在分配任务 ID 前被拒绝。 --- ## Notes / 说明 - Design details: [`agent_framework_design.md`](./agent_framework_design.md). - 设计细节见 [`agent_framework_design.md`](./agent_framework_design.md)。 - Terminal jobs are real allowlisted child processes and never invoke a shell. - 终端任务是白名单真实子进程,且绝不调用 shell。