% ===== Hebrew edition preamble (RTL) =====
% Engine: LuaLaTeX. RTL comes from babel's bidi=basic, which is the most
% robust modern option (no separate `bidi` package, works inside tcolorbox,
% tables and floats). The English edition's preamble.tex is XeLaTeX +
% ElegantBook and is deliberately NOT reused: that class assumes LTR
% throughout, and its cover/headers fight the bidi algorithm.

% ── Page geometry (roughly matches the English edition's text block) ──
\usepackage[a4paper, top=2.4cm, bottom=2.4cm, inner=2.6cm, outer=2.2cm]{geometry}

% ── Languages: Hebrew is the main script, English rides along ────────
% onchar=ids fonts makes every Latin run switch to the English font
% automatically, so inline terms (LLM, Prompt, Harness…) keep a proper
% Latin typeface without any markup in the Markdown.
\usepackage[bidi=basic]{babel}
\babelprovide[import, main]{hebrew}
\babelprovide[import, onchar=ids fonts]{english}

% Note: the Hebrew families are pinned to mode=node. Babel defaults them to
% mode=harf, and luaotfload silently ignores fallback chains in HarfBuzz mode —
% Latin letters inside Hebrew runs then vanish instead of falling back.
% ── Fallback chains ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
% No single font covers this book: Hebrew body text, Latin technical terms,
% a few hundred arrows and math symbols, and Chinese examples retained from
% the source chapters. luaotfload fallbacks resolve each character to the
% first font in the chain that actually has the glyph, which is far more
% robust than enumerating code points with \newunicodechar.
\directlua{
  luaotfload.add_fallback("hebrewchain", {
    "TeX Gyre Pagella:mode=node;script=latn;",
    "DejaVu Sans:mode=node;",
    "Songti SC:mode=node;",
  })
  luaotfload.add_fallback("latinchain", {
    "DavidCLM-Medium.otf:mode=node;",
    "DejaVu Sans:mode=node;",
    "Songti SC:mode=node;",
  })
  luaotfload.add_fallback("monochain", {
    "DavidCLM-Medium.otf:mode=node;",
    "DejaVu Sans:mode=node;",
    "Songti SC:mode=node;",
  })
}

% ── Fonts ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
% Hebrew: David CLM / Nachlieli CLM from the Culmus project (TeX Live), not
% the macOS Hebrew fonts. macOS ships them as .ttc collections, which force
% HarfBuzz mode — and luaotfload ignores fallback chains under HarfBuzz, so
% any character the Hebrew font lacks silently disappears. Culmus ships plain
% .otf files, which work in node mode and therefore honour the fallbacks.
% Latin: TeX Gyre Pagella (Palatino) — same face as the English edition.
\babelfont{rm}[
  RawFeature = {mode=node;fallback=hebrewchain},
  Extension = .otf,
  UprightFont = *-Medium,
  BoldFont = *-Bold,
  ItalicFont = *-MediumItalic,
  BoldItalicFont = *-BoldItalic]{DavidCLM}
\babelfont{sf}[
  RawFeature = {mode=node;fallback=hebrewchain},
  Extension = .otf,
  UprightFont = *-Light,
  BoldFont = *-Bold,
  ItalicFont = *-LightOblique,
  BoldItalicFont = *-BoldOblique]{NachlieliCLM}
\babelfont[english]{rm}[
  RawFeature = {fallback=latinchain},
  Extension = .otf,
  UprightFont = *-regular,
  BoldFont = *-bold,
  ItalicFont = *-italic,
  BoldItalicFont = *-bolditalic]{texgyrepagella}
\babelfont[english]{sf}[
  RawFeature = {fallback=latinchain},
  Extension = .otf,
  UprightFont = *-regular,
  BoldFont = *-bold,
  ItalicFont = *-italic,
  BoldItalicFont = *-bolditalic,
  Scale = 0.9]{texgyreheros}
% DejaVu Sans Mono from TeX Live rather than macOS Menlo: Menlo ships as a
% .ttc collection, which luatex fails to subset ("no glyphs in the subset").
% DejaVu also covers the box-drawing glyphs used in some code blocks.
% Monospace is declared with \setmonofont, NOT \babelfont: \babelfont builds a
% separate instance per language, and inline code inside Hebrew text loads the
% Hebrew instance while onchar routes the Latin characters to the English one —
% leaving an empty subset, which LuaTeX treats as a fatal error. Code is always
% Latin, so one shared family is both correct and safe.
% DejaVu (TeX Live) rather than macOS Menlo: Menlo is a .ttc collection that
% luatex fails to subset, and DejaVu covers the box-drawing glyphs in code.
\setmonofont[
  RawFeature = {fallback=monochain},
  Extension = .ttf,
  UprightFont = *,
  BoldFont = *-Bold,
  ItalicFont = *-Oblique,
  BoldItalicFont = *-BoldOblique,
  Scale = 0.82]{DejaVuSansMono}

% ── Font primer ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
% LuaTeX aborts with "there are no glyphs in the subset" if a declared font
% variant is never actually typeset — and \babelfont declares a full rm/sf/tt
% set for BOTH languages, several of which (bold/italic Hebrew monospace, for
% instance) never occur in this book. Ship one glyph of every variant inside a
% zero-size, white box so each subset is non-empty and the layout is untouched.
% (Hebrew variants must be primed with a Hebrew letter: onchar=ids routes any
% Latin character to the English fonts instead.)
\newcommand{\fontprimer}{%
  \sbox0{\color{white}\fontsize{1pt}{1pt}\selectfont
    א\textbf{א}\textit{א}\textbf{\textit{א}}%
    \textsf{א}\textsf{\textbf{א}}\textsf{\textit{א}}%
    \texttt{a}\texttt{\textbf{a}}\texttt{\textit{a}}\texttt{\textbf{\textit{a}}}%
    \foreignlanguage{english}{a\textbf{a}\textit{a}\textbf{\textit{a}}%
      \textsf{a}\textsf{\textbf{a}}\textsf{\textit{a}}%
      \texttt{a}\texttt{\textbf{a}}\texttt{\textit{a}}\texttt{\textbf{\textit{a}}}}}%
  \hbox to 0pt{\raisebox{0pt}[0pt][0pt]{\usebox0}\hss}%
}

% ── Glyph coverage ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
\usepackage{newunicodechar}
% U+2011 non-breaking hyphen is used throughout the Hebrew text (compounds
% and figure/table numbers) but is missing from most Hebrew fonts; render it
% as an ordinary hyphen that simply does not break.
\newunicodechar{‑}{\mbox{-}}
\IfFontExistsTF{Arial Unicode MS}{\newfontfamily\fallbackfont{Arial Unicode MS}}%
                                 {\newfontfamily\fallbackfont{DejaVu Sans}}
\IfFontExistsTF{Heiti SC}{\newfontfamily\cjkfallback{Heiti SC}}%
                         {\newfontfamily\cjkfallback{DejaVu Sans}}
\newunicodechar{←}{{\fallbackfont\char"2190}}
\newunicodechar{→}{{\fallbackfont\char"2192}}
\newunicodechar{★}{{\cjkfallback ★}}
% Han characters survive in a few translation examples (chapter 10).
\newunicodechar{智}{{\cjkfallback 智}}
\newunicodechar{能}{{\cjkfallback 能}}
\newunicodechar{体}{{\cjkfallback 体}}
\newunicodechar{代}{{\cjkfallback 代}}
\newunicodechar{理}{{\cjkfallback 理}}

% List bullets: \textbullet resolves to U+2022, which New Peninim MT lacks.
% Take the bullet from the math font instead (always present) and tint it.
\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{\textcolor{accent}{\ensuremath{\bullet}}}
\renewcommand{\labelitemii}{\textcolor{accent}{\ensuremath{\circ}}}
\renewcommand{\labelitemiii}{\textcolor{accent}{\ensuremath{-}}}

% ── Theme colour (same navy as the English edition) ──────────────────
\usepackage{xcolor}
\definecolor{structurecolor}{RGB}{30,58,107}
\colorlet{accent}{structurecolor}
\colorlet{accentbg}{structurecolor!6}
\colorlet{accentrule}{structurecolor!35}

% ── Headings in the theme colour ─────────────────────────────────────
\usepackage{titlesec}
\titleformat{\chapter}[display]
  {\normalfont\sffamily\bfseries\color{structurecolor}}
  {\Large\chaptertitlename\ \thechapter}{14pt}{\Huge}
\titleformat*{\section}{\Large\sffamily\bfseries\color{structurecolor}}
\titleformat*{\subsection}{\large\sffamily\bfseries\color{structurecolor}}
\titleformat*{\subsubsection}{\normalsize\sffamily\bfseries\color{structurecolor}}

% ── Running footer with page number ──────────────────────────────────
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhf{}
\fancyfoot[C]{\color{structurecolor}\small\thepage}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhf{}\fancyfoot[C]{\color{structurecolor}\small\thepage}%
  \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}}

% ── Code blocks: wrap long lines, framed box (mirrors the English look) ──
\usepackage{fvextra}
\fvset{breaklines=true,breakanywhere=true,%
  breaksymbolleft={\footnotesize\textcolor{accentrule}{$\hookrightarrow$}\,}}
\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Highlighting}{Verbatim}{commandchars=\\\{\},breaklines,breakanywhere}

\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\tcbuselibrary{skins,breakable}
\newtcolorbox{codebox}{%
  breakable, enhanced,
  colback=black!3, colframe=accentrule,
  boxrule=0.5pt, leftrule=2.5pt,
  left=0.7em, right=0.6em, top=0.4em, bottom=0.4em,
  arc=0.6mm, before skip=0.7em, after skip=0.7em}
% Code is Latin and must stay left-to-right inside the RTL page; babel's
% otherlanguage environment flips both the script and the paragraph direction.
\renewenvironment{Shaded}%
  {\begin{codebox}\begin{otherlanguage}{english}}%
  {\end{otherlanguage}\end{codebox}}
\renewenvironment{verbatim}%
  {\VerbatimEnvironment\begin{codebox}\begin{otherlanguage}{english}\begin{Verbatim}}%
  {\end{Verbatim}\end{otherlanguage}\end{codebox}}

% ── Experiment & question callouts (used by experiment_box.lua) ────
\newtcolorbox{experimentbox}{
  breakable, enhanced,
  colback=accentbg, colframe=accent,
  boxrule=0.6pt, left=0.8em, right=0.8em, top=0.6em, bottom=0.6em,
  arc=1mm, before skip=0.9em, after skip=0.9em}

\newtcolorbox{questionbox}{
  breakable, enhanced,
  colback=accentbg, colframe=accent,
  boxrule=0.8pt, left=0.9em, right=0.9em, top=0.9em, bottom=0.7em,
  arc=1.2mm, before skip=0.9em, after skip=0.9em}

% ── Blockquotes (experiment boxes in the Markdown) get a navy side bar ──
\renewenvironment{quote}{%
  \begin{tcolorbox}[
    blanker, breakable,
    borderline east={2.5pt}{0pt}{accent},
    colback=accent!4,
    left=0.6em, right=1em, top=0.5em, bottom=0.5em,
    before skip=0.6em, after skip=0.6em]%
}{%
  \end{tcolorbox}%
}

% ── Figures: force [H] so they stay inside their callout boxes ────────
\usepackage{float}
\let\origfigure\figure
\let\origendfigure\endfigure
\renewenvironment{figure}[1][htbp]{\origfigure[H]}{\origendfigure}
\setkeys{Gin}{width=\linewidth,height=0.38\textheight,keepaspectratio}

% ── Captions: the figure number is part of the caption text ──────────
\usepackage{caption}
% singlelinecheck=false: the check measures the caption in an \hbox, which
% overflows under the bidi algorithm ("Dimension too large") for RTL captions.
\captionsetup{font={normalsize,sf,bf}, labelformat=empty, skip=4pt,
              justification=centering, singlelinecheck=false}

\setlength{\parindent}{1.5em}