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47 lines
2.3 KiB
HTML
47 lines
2.3 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head><style>
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html { background: #FFFFFF; }
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body { width: 720pt; height: 405pt; margin: 0; padding: 0; background: #FAFAFF; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; display: flex; }
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.bar { width: 10pt; background: #4338CA; }
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.wrap { width: 644pt; margin: 26pt 32pt 22pt 34pt; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
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.kicker { font-size: 9.5pt; color: #7C3AED; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 2pt; margin: 0 0 4pt 0; }
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h1 { font-size: 23pt; color: #1A1633; margin: 0 0 8pt 0; }
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.rule { background: #F59E0B; height: 3pt; width: 60pt; margin: 0 0 14pt 0; }
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.cols { display: flex; }
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.txt { width: 400pt; }
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ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 14pt; font-size: 11pt; color: #2A2740; line-height: 1.4; }
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li { margin-bottom: 9pt; }
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.stat { width: 200pt; margin-left: 30pt; background: #EEF0FF; border-radius: 10pt; padding: 14pt 16pt; }
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.stat p { margin: 0; }
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.bignum { font-size: 26pt; color: #4338CA; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; }
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.statlab { font-size: 9.5pt; color: #5B5876; margin: 2pt 0 12pt 0; }
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.foot { font-size: 8pt; color: #8A86A3; margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: 0; }
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</style></head>
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<body>
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<div class="bar"></div>
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<div class="wrap">
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<p class="kicker">01 · BACKGROUND</p>
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<h1>The Problem: The Limits of Recurrence</h1>
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<div class="rule"></div>
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<div class="cols">
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<div class="txt">
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<ul>
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<li>Sequence transduction (e.g., machine translation) was dominated by <b>recurrent</b> (LSTM / GRU) and <b>convolutional</b> encoder–decoder models.</li>
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<li>RNNs compute hidden states <b>one position at a time</b>: inherently sequential, so training cannot parallelize across positions in a sequence.</li>
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<li>Signals between distant positions must travel a path of <b>O(n) operations</b> — the longer the path, the harder long-range dependencies are to learn.</li>
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<li>Attention mechanisms already existed, but only as an <b>accessory</b> layered on top of RNNs or CNNs.</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="stat">
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<p class="bignum">O(n)</p>
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<p class="statlab">sequential operations per layer in a recurrent network</p>
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<p class="bignum">O(n)</p>
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<p class="statlab">maximum path length between any two positions</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p class="foot">Source: Vaswani et al., “Attention Is All You Need”, §1 Introduction (paper p. 1–2).</p>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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